Reliability and validity of the perceived stress scale10. The pss is one of the few instruments to measure a global level of perceived stress, and has been widely used in a range of clinical and research settings. Reliability and validity study in greece article pdf available in international journal of environmental research and public health 88. Examining perceptions of academic stress and its sources among university students. Journal of epidemiology and community health 53 319320. Examining perceptions of academic stress and its sources.
Stress perceived stress is the feelings or thoughts that an individual has about how much stress they are under at a given point in time or over a given time period. Scores range from 056, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress. The scale is a brief and easy to use instrument and can be administered in only a few minutes providing an economic instrument for research and practice. Perceived stress scale, pss usefulness to practitioners the pss provides an opportunity to understand how a family sees their own strengths and challenges in managing stress. Pss10 scores are obtained by reversing the scores on the four positive items. The second is the coddingtons life events scale for adolescents clesa,18 which assesses positive and negative life events that are relevant to adolescents. The perceived stress scale was developed to measure the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. Pss is one of the most commonly used psychological instrument for. Psychometric analysis of the tenitem perceived stress scale john m. Findings suggest that three scales represent internal stress reactions, whereas the scale demands relates to perceived external stressors. The questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale in a. It was previously employed when collecting perceived stress levels over the. The perceived stress questionnaire psq reconsidered.
Perceived stress scale it can be hard for any of us to quantify our stress, especially when we are in the middle of it. Google scholar reis rs, hino aa and anez cr 2010 perceived stress scale. Results of the psq correlated highly with trait anxiety and with scores on cohens perceived stress scale. Methods 941 individuals completed anonymously questionnaires comprising of pss, the depression anxiety and stress scale dass21 version, and a list of stress related symptoms. Chinese university students often suffer from acute stress, which can affect their mental health. The scpss10, patient health questionnaire phq, and generalized anxiety disorder 7item scale gad7 were conducted in 1096 university students. The perception of academic stress scale dalia bedewy1 and adel gabriel2 abstract the development of a scale to measure perceived sources of academic stress among university students. Perceived stress scale 4 item the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. Distributions of psychological stress in the united states in probability samples from 1983, 2006 and 2009. Mothers who breastfed had significantly less perceived stress in the month. I will not be sending a followup letter or email specifically authorizing you by name to use the scale.
This paper describes the development of a japanese version of the perceived stress scale pss, and examines the equivalence between the original and translated version. The perceived stress scale pss is a popular instrument for measuring the degree to which individuals appraise situations in their lives as excessively uncontrollable and overloaded. Assessment of differential item functioning in the perceived stress scale10. The 10item version pss10 has demonstrated good reliability and validity with a cronbachs. A more precise measure of personal stress can be determined by using objective instruments that have been designed to help measure individual stress levels. Psychometric analysis of the tenitem perceived stress scale. May 23, 2016 the perceived stress scale cohen j health soc behav 24. Positively worded items are reverse scored, and the ratings are summed, with higher scores indicating more perceived stress. This tool, while originally developed in 1983, remains a popular choice for helping us understand how different situations affect our feelings and our perceived stress. Items were designed to tap how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives. The perceived stress scale pss is a classic stress assessment instrument. The german version of the perceived stress scale pss10. Thus, the purposes of this representative study were to psychometrically evaluate the pss10, and to provide norm values for the german population. Perceived stress scale an overview sciencedirect topics.
An assessment of the psychometric properties of the. Storch because of increased stress conditions in college students, updated psychometrics of the perceived stress scale, 10item version pss10. In the last month, how often have you felt that you were unable to. Reliability and validity of the perceived stress scale10 in. The pss has already been translated into several languages, but there. The perceived stress scale was produced by sheldon cohen in 1983. Obtaining a copy a copy can be found in the original article published by developers 2. We measured and evaluated perceived stress in this population using the simplified chinese version of the 10item perceived stress scale scpss10. Perceived stress scale pss measurement instrument database.
A global measure of perceived stress wofford college. The perceived stress scale was developed by sheldon cohen and his colleagues in 1983 and the original pss consisted in 14items that assessed the perceived stress degree based on that individuals subjective interpretation of their reactions to stressors during a 1 month period. Ramirez mtg and hernandez rl 2007 factor structure of the perceived stress scale pss in a sample from mexico. Further psychometric support for the 10item version of the. The 10item perceived stress scale is widely used to index subjective stress, and the statetrait personality inventory is a 30item questionnaire assessing anxiety, anger, and curiosity. The higher the degree and longer the duration of selfperceived stress, indicated by a higher score, is considered a risk factor for a clinical psychiatric disorder. Perceived stress scale, pss quick facts about the tool authors. The perceived stress scale is a 14 item measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful with responses rated on a 5point likert scale 0 never to 4 very often. The perceived stress scale was developed by sheldon cohen and his colleagues in 1983 and the original pss consisted in 14items that assessed the perceived stress degree based on that individuals subjective interpretation of their reactions to stressors during a 1 month period nowadays, the pss is most commonly implemented as the 10item scale with the following stress. Profit related use of the perceived stress scale requires the permission of both the american sociological association asa and the author s. May 18, 1992 the present study sought to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss when administered to psychiatric. It measures stress by a series of questions based on your feelings and emotions over the last month and how strongly youve felt them.
The perceived stress scale pss measures psychological stress associated with sex, age, education, income, employment status, and a number of other demographics. The following questions ask about your feelings and thoughts during the. A global measure of perceived stress 387 culating global perceived stress levels on the basis of reactions to individual events assumes that perceived stress levels are very highly cor related with the number of reported events. Perceived stress scale by sheldon cohen the perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. In each case, please indicate your response by placing an x over the square representing how often you felt or thought a certain way. The perceived stress scale is a way to quantify perception of stress.
The perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. In general, subjects under high levels of perceived stress will have increased hpa activation. A total score ranging from 0 to 40 is computed by reverse scoring the four positively worded items and then summing all the scale items. Perceived stress scale scoring each item is rated on a 5point scale ranging from never 0 to almost always 4. However, the german version of the pss10 has not yet been validated. As described above, the pss10 is a 10item selfreport measure of global perceived stress. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful.
Further psychometric support for the 10item version of the perceived stress scale jonathan w. Note that this is the only approval letter you will get. Psychological stress has been defined as the extent to which persons perceive appraise that their demands exceed their ability to cope. Stress was measured pre and postevent using the fouritem perceived stress scale pss4. Mothers who breastfed had significantly less perceived stress in the month preceding the test than did the those who bottle fed. The perceived stress scale pss10 in women experiencing. Items were designed to assess how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives to be. The perceived stress scale pss is a selfreported scale with three versions. In each case, please indicate with a check how often you felt or thought a certain way. Perceived stress scale pss,16,17 a selfreport scale designed to measure the perception of stress. The second is the coddington s life events scale for adolescents clesa, 18 which assesses positive and negative life events that are relevant to adolescents.
Factor structure and relation to depression symptoms in a psychiatric sample paul l. Motivation to change is linked to desire, ability, reasons, and need to make change. The pss showed adequate reliability and, as predicted, was correlated with lifeevent scores, depressive and physical. Pdf perceived stress among adolescents pooja goyal. The scale assesses the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful p. The tool, while originally developed in 1983, remains a popular choice for helping. Other weaknesses of global perceived stress scales that are based on a specific list of events. There are two shorter versions, one consisting of 10 items and another of 4 items for telephone interviews. Psychological stress has been defined as the extent to which persons perceive appraise that their demands exceed their ability to cope the pss was published in 1983, and has become one of the most widely used psychological instruments for measuring nonspecific. The perceived stress scale pss is a globally used and selfreport scale measuring perceived stress.
The tool, while originally developed in 1983, remains a popular choice for helping us understand how different situations affect our feelings and our perceived stress. Three versions of pss pss14, pss10 and pss4 are available which comprise 14. The scale is specifically recommended for clinical settings, though it has been employed in research studies as well. Perceived stress scale 4 pss 4 instructions the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. Psychometric properties of a european spanish version of the perceived stress scale pss. The factor structure was confirmed on the second sample. Multisample analyses yielded a fair structural stability across groups. Sheldon cohen in 1983, this 4, 10, or 14 point questionnaire assesses how in control of their lives subjects have felt over the last month. Jan, 2015 individuals rate items on a 5point likert scale, ranging from 0 never to 4 very often. Perceived stress incorporates feelings about the uncontrollability and unpredictability of ones life, how often one has to deal with irritating hassles, how much change is occurring in ones life, and confidence in ones ability to deal with problems or difficulties.
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